What is aortoiliac occlusive disease?

Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a form of peripheral artery disease (PAD) that affects the lower part of the aorta and the iliac arteries.

It occurs when plaque, a buildup of fats and cholesterol, narrows or blocks these arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potential blockages.

Symptoms of aortoiliac occlusive disease

The symptoms of aortoiliac occlusive disease can vary, and some individuals may not experience any symptoms at all.

However, common symptoms include:

• erectile dysfunction,
• intermittent claudication (pain or cramping in the buttocks or legs during exercise),
• rest pain (leg pain that occurs at night),
• ulcers on the legs or feet.

In severe cases, acute arterial occlusion may occur, causing severe pain, pale skin, weak or absent pulse, cool skin, tingling or “pins and needles” sensation, and paralysis.

Most common cause of aortoiliac occlusive disease

The most common cause of aortoiliac occlusive disease is atherosclerosis, the gradual buildup of plaque in the arteries.

Other less common causes include radiation to the pelvic area and vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels).

Risk factors for aortoiliac occlusive disease

Risk factors for aortoiliac occlusive disease include:

• age (risk increases with age),
• family history of peripheral artery disease,
• smoking,
• diabetes,
• high blood pressure,
• high cholesterol, and
• certain medical conditions like Takayasu’s arteritis.

Diagnosis of aortoiliac occlusive disease

Diagnosis of aortoiliac occlusive disease involves a combination of:

• medical history evaluation,
• physical examination,
• and tests such as ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement, blood tests, computed tomography angiogram (CTA), and vascular ultrasound.

Treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease

Treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease depends on the severity of the condition.

Lifestyle changes, such as:

• quitting smoking,
• adopting a heart-healthy diet,
• exercising regularly,
• and managing blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, may be recommended.

Medications like antihypertensives, antiplatelets, and statins can help manage the disease and lower the risk of complications.

If lifestyle changes and medications are not sufficient, procedures like bypass surgery or stent placement may be performed to improve blood flow.

Prevention of aortoiliac occlusive disease

Prevention of aortoiliac occlusive disease involves managing risk factors by adopting a healthy lifestyle, avoiding smoking, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and properly managing conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol.

It is important for individuals with aortoiliac occlusive disease to closely follow their healthcare provider’s guidance, take medications as prescribed, attend regular check-ups, and promptly report any new or changing symptoms.

Being proactive in managing the condition and seeking support from healthcare providers and support groups can help individuals live well with aortoiliac occlusive disease.